Human-AI Symbiosis at Work: Psychological, Organizational, and Technological Resources
Abstract
This study examines the associations among Psychological Factors, External Factors, Technology Factors, and Work-life Balance (WLB), with particular attention to whether Technology Factors statistically mediate the relationships between psychological/organizational resources and WLB. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey of 190 respondents and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study tested direct and indirect predictive relationships. Psychological Factors showed the strongest positive association with WLB (β=0.415, p<0.001), followed by External Factors (β=0.301, p=0.001) and Technology Factors (β=0.162, p=0.008). External Factors were positively associated with Technology Factors (β=0.288, p=0.011), whereas Psychological Factors were not (β=0.070, p=0.543). Neither the indirect PF → TF → WLB relationship (β=0.011, p=0.575) nor the EF → TF → WLB relationship (β=0.047, p=0.099) was statistically significant. The findings therefore do not support Technology Factors as a significant mediator in either proposed pathway. The results suggest that psychological, organizational, and technological resources may contribute to WLB through differentiated pathways, while stronger conclusions about causal mechanisms require longitudinal or experimental research.
References
Abdul Jalil, N. I., Tan, S. A., Ibharim, N. S., Musa, A. Z., Ang, S. H., & Mangundjaya, W. L. (2023). The Relationship between Job Insecurity and Psychological Well-Being among Malaysian Precarious Workers: Work–Life Balance as a Mediator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032758
Abu Daqar, M. A. M., Arqawi, S., & Karsh, S. A. (2020). Fintech in the eyes of Millennials and Generation Z (the financial behavior and Fintech perception). Banks and Bank Systems, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(3).2020.03
Adamovic, M. (2022). How does employee cultural background influence the effects of telework on job stress? The roles of power distance, individualism, and beliefs about telework. International Journal of Information Management, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102437
Adams, R. M., Eisenman, D. P., & Glik, D. (2019). Community advantage and individual self-efficacy promote disaster preparedness: A multilevel model among persons with disabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152779
Aksoy, O., Bann, D., Fluharty, M. E., & Nandi, A. (2022). Religiosity and Mental Wellbeing Among Members of Majority and Minority Religions: Findings From Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 191(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab133
Al Riyami, S., Razzak, M. R., Al-Busaidi, A. S., & Palalic, R. (2023). Impact of work from home on work-life balance: Mediating effects of work-family conflict and work motivation. Heritage and Sustainable Development, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.37868/hsd.v5i1.129
Alqudah, I. H. A., Carballo-Penela, A., & Ruzo-Sanmartín, E. (2022). High-performance human resource management practices and readiness for change: An integrative model including affective commitment, employees’ performance, and the moderating role of hierarchy culture. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100177
Azzam, M., Al-Kubaisy, M., Alshrouf, M. A., Al Karmi, J., Alnawaiseh, H., Mehyar, L. M., Ibrahim, S. O., & Abufaraj, M. (2023). Work–Life Balance among Physicians in Jordan. Medicina (Lithuania), 59(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59050868
Babapour, A. R., Gahassab-Mozaffari, N., & Fathnezhad-Kazemi, A. (2022). Nurses’ job stress and its impact on quality of life and caring behaviors: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00852-y
Bak, O., Shaw, S., Colicchia, C., & Kumar, V. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review of Supply Chain Resilience in Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Call for Further Research. In IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management (Vol. 70, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3016988
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2024). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Frequently Asked Questions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000376
Bansal, S., Garg, N., & Singh, J. (2024). Weight-based teasing and depressive symptoms among Indian college students: exploring the moderating effect of gratitude. Kybernetes, 53(6). https://doi.org/10.1108/K-10-2022-1486
Bauer, G. R., Churchill, S. M., Mahendran, M., Walwyn, C., Lizotte, D., & Villa-Rueda, A. A. (2021). Intersectionality in quantitative research: A systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods. SSM - Population Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100798
Bencsik, A., & Juhasz, T. (2023). Impact Of Technostress On Work-Life Balance. Human Technology, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.14254/1795-6889.2023.19-1.4
Bocean, C. G., Popescu, L., Varzaru, A. A., Avram, C. D., & Iancu, A. (2023). Work-Life Balance and Employee Satisfaction during COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511631
Bokhari, S. A. A., & Myeong, S. (2022). Use of Artificial Intelligence in Smart Cities for Smart Decision-Making: A Social Innovation Perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020620
Borowiec, A. A., & Drygas, W. (2023). Work–Life Balance and Mental and Physical Health among Warsaw Specialists, Managers and Entrepreneurs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010492
Charoensukmongkol, P. (2022). Supervisor-subordinate guanxi and emotional exhaustion: The moderating effect of supervisor job autonomy and workload levels in organizations. Asia Pacific Management Review, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2021.05.001
Chen, G., Wang, J., Huang, Q., Sang, L., Yan, J., Chen, R., Cheng, J., Wang, L., Zhang, D., & Ding, H. (2024). Social support, psychological capital, multidimensional job burnout, and turnover intention of primary medical staff: a path analysis drawing on conservation of resources theory. Human Resources for Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-024-00915-y
Cherian, J., Gaikar, V., Paul, R., & Pech, R. (2021). Corporate culture and its impact on employees’ attitude, performance, productivity, and behavior: An investigative analysis from selected organizations of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010045
Choi, W. S., Kang, S. W., & Choi, S. B. (2024). The dark side of mobile work during non-work hours: moderated mediation model of presenteeism through conservation of resources lens. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1186327
Daraba, D., Wirawan, H., Salam, R., & Faisal, M. (2021). Working from home during the corona pandemic: Investigating the role of authentic leadership, psychological capital, and gender on employee performance. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1885573
Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020). How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00696-0
de Bruijn, E. J., & Antonides, G. (2022). Poverty and economic decision making: a review of scarcity theory. Theory and Decision, 92(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-021-09802-7
Demerouti, E. (2025). Job demands-resources and conservation of resources theories: How do they help to explain employee well-being and future job design? Journal of Business Research, 192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115296
Duan, S. X., Deng, H., & Wibowo, S. (2023). Exploring the impact of digital work on work–life balance and job performance: a technology affordance perspective. Information Technology and People, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-01-2021-0013
Duan, S. X., Deng, H., & Wibowo, S. (2024). Technology Affordances for Enhancing Job Performance in Digital Work. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 64(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2188497
Dwivedi, Y. K., Ismagilova, E., Hughes, D. L., Carlson, J., Filieri, R., Jacobson, J., Jain, V., Karjaluoto, H., Kefi, H., Krishen, A. S., Kumar, V., Rahman, M. M., Raman, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Rowley, J., Salo, J., Tran, G. A., & Wang, Y. (2021). Setting the future of digital and social media marketing research: Perspectives and research propositions. International Journal of Information Management, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102168
Ebrahimi, P., Khajeheian, D., Soleimani, M., Gholampour, A., & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2023). User engagement in social network platforms: what key strategic factors determine online consumer purchase behaviour? Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 36(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2106264
Feng, Z., & Chen, M. (2022). Platformance-Based Cross-Border Import Retail E-Commerce Service Quality Evaluation Using an Artificial Neural Network Analysis. Journal of Global Information Management, 30(11). https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.306271
Ferdous, T., Ali, M., & French, E. (2023). Use of flexible work practices and employee outcomes: the role of work-life balance and employee age. Journal of Management and Organization, 29(5). https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2020.44
Filippi, S., Yerkes, M., Bal, M., Hummel, B., & de Wit, J. (2024). (Un)deserving of work-life balance? A cross country investigation of people’s attitudes towards work-life balance arrangements for parents and childfree employees. Community, Work and Family, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2099247
Gabr, H. M., Soliman, S. S., Allam, H. K., & Raouf, S. Y. A. (2021). Effects of remote virtual work environment during COVID-19 pandemic on technostress among Menoufia University Staff, Egypt: a cross-sectional study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(38). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14588-w
Garcia, L. C., Shanafelt, T. D., West, C. P., Sinsky, C. A., Trockel, M. T., Nedelec, L., Maldonado, Y. A., Tutty, M., Dyrbye, L. N., & Fassiotto, M. (2020). Burnout, Depression, Career Satisfaction, and Work-Life Integration by Physician Race/Ethnicity. JAMA Network Open, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12762
Garg, P., Gupta, B., Chauhan, A. K., Sivarajah, U., Gupta, S., & Modgil, S. (2021). Measuring the perceived benefits of implementing blockchain technology in the banking sector. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120407
Gülmez, E., Koruca, H. I., Aydin, M. E., & Urganci, K. B. (2024). Heuristic and swarm intelligence algorithms for work-life balance problem. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2023.109857
Gupta, S., Schillaci, M., Walker, R., Smith, P. M. C., Watt, M., & Roessner, U. (2021). Alleviation of salinity stress in plants by endophytic plant-fungal symbiosis: Current knowledge, perspectives and future directions. Plant and Soil, 461(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04618-w
Hair, J. F., William, C. B., Barry, J. B., & Anderson, R. E. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Education Limited.
Harries, A. J., Lee, C., Jones, L., Rodriguez, R. M., Davis, J. A., Boysen-Osborn, M., Kashima, K. J., Krane, N. K., Rae, G., Kman, N., Langsfeld, J. M., & Juarez, M. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students: a multicenter quantitative study. BMC Medical Education, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02462-1
Herrmann, H. (2023). What’s next for responsible artificial intelligence: a way forward through responsible innovation. Heliyon, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14379
Hoare, C., & Vandenberghe, C. (2024). Are They Created Equal? A Relative Weights Analysis of the Contributions of Job Demands and Resources to Well-Being and Turnover Intention. Psychological Reports, 127(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221103536
Hoque, M. N., Rahman, M. K., Said, J., Begum, F., & Hossain, M. M. (2022). What Factors Influence Customer Attitudes and Mindsets towards the Use of Services and Products of Islamic Banks in Bangladesh? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084703
Huang, R., Yan, P., & Yang, X. (2021). Knowledge map visualization of technology hotspots and development trends in China’s textile manufacturing industry. IET Collaborative Intelligent Manufacturing, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1049/cim2.12024
Jahnke, S. A., Haddock, C. K., Jitnarin, N., Kaipust, C. M., Hollerbach, B. S., Poston, W. S. C., & Leon-Perez, J. M. (2019). The Prevalence and Health Impacts of Frequent Work Discrimination and Harassment among Women Firefighters in the US Fire Service. BioMed Research International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6740207
Juanda, Riansyah, R. J., Arsadi, & Bethany, L. (2024). Towards Entrepreneurial Campus Sustainability: Integrating Artificial Intelligence for Resource Allocation iBusiness Management. APTISI Transactions on Technopreneurship, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v6i3.410
K S Suryavanshi, A., Bhatt, P., & Singh, S. (2023). Predicting the buying intention of organic food with the association of theory of planned behaviour. Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.359
Kadir, K. A., Sahari, N., & Judi, H. M. (2019). Indicators on social media islamic information credibility through an expert agreement. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2019-3502-30
Kaur, S. (2024). How does age and gender of the employees influence human resource practices–employee competencies relationship? Evidence-Based HRM, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-05-2023-0119
Kautish, P., Purohit, S., Filieri, R., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2023). Examining the role of consumer motivations to use voice assistants for fashion shopping: The mediating role of awe experience and eWOM. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122407
Khan, S., Thomas, G., Kunbhar, B. A., & Mohamed, N. H. M. (2023). Impact of Work–Life Balance on Working Women in the Banking Sector. Administrative Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13010007
Kilic, E., & Kitapci, H. (2024). Contextual and Individual Determinants of Sustainable Careers: A Serial Indirect Effect Model through Career Crafting and Person-Career Fit. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 16(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072865
Koon, V. Y. (2022). A multilevel analysis of work–life balance practices. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 60(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12268
Kursan Milaković, I., & Ahmad, A. (2023). Online impulse buying and cognitive appraisal theory: two countries comparison. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 51(12). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-03-2023-0150
Lamane-Harim, J., Cegarra-Leiva, D., & Sánchez-Vidal, M. E. (2023). Work–life balance supportive culture: a way to retain employees in Spanish SMEs. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(10). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1878255
Langenbach, B. P., Berger, S., Baumgartner, T., & Knoch, D. (2020). Cognitive Resources Moderate the Relationship Between Pro-Environmental Attitudes and Green Behavior. Environment and Behavior, 52(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916519843127
Li, X., Hu, A., Song, H., & Wang, Z. (2024). How does workplace support promote postdoctoral career growth? A conservation of resources perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1294982
Liang, Z., Suntrayuth, S., Sun, X., & Su, J. (2023). Positive Verbal Rewards, Creative Self-Efficacy, and Creative Behavior: A Perspective of Cognitive Appraisal Theory. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030229
López Vidales, N., & Rubio, L. G. (2021). Trends in youth behaviour change in the face of the media: Millennials vs Generation Z. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodistico, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.70170
Lorentzon, J. I., Fotoh, L. E., & Mugwira, T. (2024). Remote auditing and its impacts on auditors’ work and work-life balance: auditors’ perceptions and implications. Accounting Research Journal, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-06-2023-0158
Lorincová, S., Miklošík, A., & Hitka, M. (2022). The Role Of Corporate Culture In Economic Development Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 28(1), 220–238. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2021.15983
Lv, W. (2024). Unveiling the power of teacher credibility and care in learners’ motivation through the lens of rhetorical/relational and broaden-and-build theory. Learning and Motivation, 86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2024.101988
Ma, Y., Zhang, L., Song, S., & Yu, S. (2022). Impacts of Energy Price on Agricultural Production, Energy Consumption, and Carbon Emission in China: A Price Endogenous Partial Equilibrium Model Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053002
Mattarelli, E., Cochis, C., Bertolotti, F., & Ungureanu, P. (2024). How designed work environment and enacted work interactions impact creativity and work–life balance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-01-2022-0028
Mi Alnaser, F., Rahi, S., Alghizzawi, M., & Ngah, A. H. (2023). Does artificial intelligence (AI) boost digital banking user satisfaction? Integration of expectation confirmation model and antecedents of artificial intelligence enabled digital banking. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18930
Mior Shariffuddin, N. S., Azinuddin, M., Yahya, N. E., & Hanafiah, M. H. (2023). Navigating the tourism digital landscape: The interrelationship of online travel sites’ affordances, technology readiness, online purchase intentions, trust, and E-loyalty. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19135
Muhammad, T. (2022). The role of religiosity and religious participation in the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment among older Indian adults. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14744-3
Najib, M., & Fahma, F. (2020). Investigating the adoption of digital payment system through an extended technology acceptance model: An insight from the Indonesian small and medium enterprises. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.4.11616
Nasution, F. N., & Rafiki, A. (2020). Islamic work ethics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of Islamic banks in Indonesia. RAUSP Management Journal, 55(2), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-01-2019-0011
Nguyen, L. T., Dang, T. Q., & Duc, D. T. V. (2025). The Dark Sides of AI Advertising: The Integration of Cognitive Appraisal Theory and Information Quality Theory. Social Science Computer Review, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393241258760
Nica, E., Popescu, G. H., Poliak, M., Kliestik, T., & Sabie, O. M. (2023). Digital Twin Simulation Tools, Spatial Cognition Algorithms, and Multi-Sensor Fusion Technology in Sustainable Urban Governance Networks. Mathematics, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/math11091981
Oyewobi, L. O., Oke, A. E., Adeneye, T. D., Jimoh, R. A., & Windapo, A. O. (2022). Impact of work–life policies on organizational commitment of construction professionals: role of work–life balance. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(10). https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2020.1742632
Pace, F., & Sciotto, G. (2022). Gender differences in the relationship between work–life balance, career opportunities and general health perception. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010357
Petrie, K., Smallwood, N., Pascoe, A., & Willis, K. (2022). Mental Health Symptoms and Workplace Challenges among Australian Paramedics during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021004
Petrou, P., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2021). Interactive Effects of Approach and Avoidance Job Crafting in Explaining Weekly Variations in Work Performance and Employability. Applied Psychology, 70(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12277
Pizzutti, C., Gonçalves, R., & Ferreira, M. (2022). Information search behavior at the post-purchase stage of the customer journey. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-022-00864-9
Pranata, J. A., Hendrawan, S., Putra Riyanto, M. R., & Gunadi, W. (2022). The Effect of Work-Life Balance and Work Motivation towards Intention to Work from Home in the Future with Job Satisfaction as a Mediator. Revista de Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 78. https://doi.org/10.33788/rcis.78.1
Rana, J., Gaur, L., Singh, G., Awan, U., & Rasheed, M. I. (2022). Reinforcing customer journey through artificial intelligence: a review and research agenda. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-08-2021-1214
Roh, T., Xiao, S., & Park, B. Il. (2024). What makes metaverse users immersed in the flow state in an emerging market? An application of affordance theory and ISSM. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104012
Roth, L. H. O., Bencker, C., Lorenz, J., & Laireiter, A. R. (2024). Testing the validity of the broaden-and build theory of positive emotions: a network analytic approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1405272
Salehi, V., Moradi, G., Omidi, L., & Rahimi, E. (2023). An MCDM approach to assessing influential factors on healthcare providers’ safe performance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Probing into demographic variables. Journal of Safety Science and Resilience, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnlssr.2023.05.002
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022a). Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in marketing research in the last decade. Psychology and Marketing, 39(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022b). Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in marketing research in the last decade. Psychology and Marketing, 39(5), 1035–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
Scholze, A., & Hecker, A. (2024). The job demands-resources model as a theoretical lens for the bright and dark side of digitization. Computers in Human Behavior, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108177
Singkheeprapha, P., Jumani, Z. A., & Sukhabot, S. (2022). Is Islamic brand attitudes influence Thai Muslims’ buying behavioural intentions: a quantitative analysis using smart-PLS. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-08-2020-0252
Solahudin, D., & Fakhruroji, M. (2020). Internet and islamic learning practices in Indonesia: Social media, religious populism, and religious authority. Religions, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11010019
Song, H., & Lu, S. (2024). The effect of virtual tourism experience on tourist responses: the lens from cognitive appraisal theory. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 29(7). https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2024.2351126
Song, H., Yang, H., & Sthapit, E. (2025). Robotic service quality, authenticity, and revisit intention to restaurants in China: extending cognitive appraisal theory. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 37(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2022-1396
Stankevičiūtė, Ž., & Kunskaja, S. (2022). Strengthening of work-life balance while working remotely in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Human Systems Management, 41(2). https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-211511
Stanley, P. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2023). Merging the Self-Determination Theory and the Broaden and Build Theory through the nexus of positive affect: A macro theory of positive functioning. New Ideas in Psychology, 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100979
Su, E., & Li, Z. (2025). The impact of entrepreneurs’ military experience on small business exit: A conservation of resources perspective. Journal of Business Research, 186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115004
Suhartanto, D., Syarief, M. E., Chandra Nugraha, A., Suhaeni, T., Masthura, A., & Amin, H. (2022). Millennial loyalty towards artificial intelligence-enabled mobile banking: evidence from Indonesian Islamic banks. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(9). https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2020-0380
Sukhemi, & Sari, M. W. (2023). The Influence of Employee Competence and Use of Information Technology on Financial Accountability with the Success of Information Systems as Moderating Variables. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol16no2.6
Sun, Z., Zhao, L., Mehrotra, A., Salam, M. A., & Yaqub, M. Z. (2025). Digital transformation and corporate green innovation: An affordance theory perspective. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3991
Tijani, B., Osei-Kyei, R., & Feng, Y. (2022). A review of work-life balance in the construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(14). https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2020.1819582
Tomczak, M. T., & Kulikowski, K. (2024). Toward an understanding of occupational burnout among employees with autism – the Job Demands-Resources theory perspective. Current Psychology, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04428-0
Tønnessen, Ø., Dhir, A., & Flåten, B. T. (2021). Digital knowledge sharing and creative performance: Work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120866
Tripodi, F. B., Garcia, L. C., & Marwick, A. E. (2024). ‘Do your own research’’: affordance activation and disinformation spread.’ Information Communication and Society, 27(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2023.2245869
Tsai, H. Y. (2023). Do you feel like being proactive day? How Daily Cyberloafing Influences Creativity and Proactive Behavior: The Moderating Roles of Work Environment. Computers in Human Behavior, 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107470
Ugwu, F. O., Enwereuzor, I. K., & Mazei, J. (2023). Is Working from Home a Blessing or a Burden? Home Demands as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Work Engagement and Work-Life Balance. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10084-6
Uzir, M. U. H., Bukari, Z., Al Halbusi, H., Lim, R., Wahab, S. N., Rasul, T., Thurasamy, R., Jerin, I., Chowdhury, M. R. K., Tarofder, A. K., Yaakop, A. Y., Hamid, A. B. A., Haque, A., Rauf, A., & Eneizan, B. (2023). Applied artificial intelligence: Acceptance-intention-purchase and satisfaction on smartwatch usage in a Ghanaian context. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18666
Vanduhe, V. Z., Nat, M., & Hasan, H. F. (2020). Continuance Intentions to Use Gamification for Training in Higher Education: Integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Social Motivation, and Task Technology Fit (TTF). IEEE Access, 8, 21473–21484. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966179
Verma, C., Illés, Z., & Stoffová, V. (2020). Identifying technology features impacted attitude of Indian students using regression modeling for real-time system. Materials Today: Proceedings, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.583
Verma, S., Sharma, R., Deb, S., & Maitra, D. (2021). Artificial intelligence in marketing: Systematic review and future research direction. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2020.100002
Vyas, L. (2022). “New normal” at work in a post-COVID world: work–life balance and labor markets. Policy and Society, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puab011
Wang, S., & Huang, L. (2022). A Study of the Relationship between Corporate Culture and Corporate Sustainable Performance: Evidence from Chinese SMEs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137527
Wang, Y., Farag, H., & Ahmad, W. (2021). Corporate Culture and Innovation: A Tale from an Emerging Market. British Journal of Management, 32(4), 1121–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12478
Xi, N., Chen, J., Gama, F., Riar, M., & Hamari, J. (2023). The challenges of entering the metaverse: An experiment on the effect of extended reality on workload. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10244-x
Xia, G., Henry, P., Chen, Y., Queiroz, F., Westland, S., & Cheng, Q. (2023). The effects of colour attributes on cognitive performance and intellectual abilities in immersive virtual environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107853
Yaghmour, A., Alesa, A., Anbarserry, E., Binmerdah, M. A., Alharbi, A., Housawi, A., Almehdar, M., Lytra, H., Alsaywid, B., & Lytras, D. M. (2021). Challenges and obstacles faced by trainee female physicians: An integrative research on gender discrimination, stress, depression and harassment. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020160
Yang, H., Song, H., Xia, L., & Yang, A. (2024). Understanding the consequences of robotic interaction quality and outcome quality: A three-phased affordance theory-based approach. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 33(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2024.2308531
Yoo, J. W., Park, J., & Park, H. (2025). How can I trust you if you’re fake? Understanding human-like virtual influencer credibility and the role of textual social cues. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-02-2024-0092
Zhai, X., Zhu, C. J., & Zhang, M. M. (2023). Mapping promoting factors and mechanisms of resilience for performance improvement: The role of strategic human resource management systems and psychological empowerment. Applied Psychology, 72(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12411
Zhang, H., Zang, Z., Zhu, H., Uddin, M. I., & Amin, M. A. (2022). Big data-assisted social media analytics for business model for business decision making system competitive analysis. Information Processing and Management, 59(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102762
Zhang, L., Huang, G., Li, Y., & Bao, S. (2021). Quantitative research methods of linguistic niche and cultural sustainability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179586
Zhong, Y., Liu, W., Lee, T. Y., Zhao, H., & Ji, J. (2021). Risk perception, knowledge, information sources and emotional states among COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Nursing Outlook, 69(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.005
Zhu, Y., & Li, N. (2021). Virtual and augmented reality technologies for emergency management in the built environments: A state-of-the-art review. In Journal of Safety Science and Resilience (Vol. 2, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnlssr.2020.11.004
Copyright (c) 2026 Hendratmoko Hendratmoko, Elisabeth Vita Mutiarawati

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright and full publishing rights of their articles without restrictions. Authors grant Moestopo International Review on Social, Humanities, and Sciences (MIRSHuS) the non-exclusive right of first publication.









