Green Drivers of Sustainability Performance under Ambidextrous Leadership
Abstract
Indonesian listed firms continue to face a gap between formal sustainability disclosure and substantive economic, social, and environmental performance. This study examines the statistical relationships of green intellectual capital, stakeholder pressure, and green entrepreneurial orientation with sustainability performance and tests the moderating role of ambidextrous leadership. It also compares an expanded five-dimensional green intellectual capital model, incorporating environmental consciousness and corporate social responsibility, with the conventional three-dimensional model. A cross-sectional survey of 432 chief operating officers and operations managers from non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. All three predictors were positively associated with sustainability performance, with green intellectual capital showing the strongest association. Higher ambidextrous leadership was associated with stronger predictor-performance relationships and with sustainability performance directly, supporting a quasi-moderating pattern. The expanded green intellectual capital model showed higher explanatory and predictive power than the conventional model. Given the cross-sectional design, these results are interpreted as associations and moderation patterns, not as evidence of causal transformation.
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